N-400 vs. N-600: Understanding the Difference in U.S. Citizenship Forms
Navigating the U.S. immigration system can be complex, especially when it comes to understanding the appropriate forms for citizenship. Two commonly confused forms are the N-400 and N-600. While both relate to U.S. citizenship, they serve distinct purposes and apply to different situations.
What is Form N-400?
Form N-400, officially known as the “Application for Naturalization,” is used by lawful permanent residents (green card holders) who wish to become U.S. citizens through the naturalization process.
Eligibility Criteria:
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Must be at least 18 years old.
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Have held a green card for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen).
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Demonstrate continuous residence and physical presence in the U.S.
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Exhibit good moral character.
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Pass English language and U.S. civics tests.
Process Overview:
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Submit Form N-400 with the required documentation and fees.
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Attend a biometrics appointment.
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Complete an interview with a USCIS officer.
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Take the Oath of Allegiance upon approval.
Outcome: Upon successful completion, applicants receive a Certificate of Naturalization, signifying their new status as U.S. citizens.
What is Form N-600?
Form N-600, or the “Application for Certificate of Citizenship,” is intended for individuals who are already U.S. citizens by law but lack official documentation. This typically includes those who acquired or derived citizenship through their parents.
Eligibility Criteria:
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Born outside the U.S. to U.S. citizen parent(s) (acquisition of citizenship).
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Became a U.S. citizen automatically after birth but before turning 18, due to a parent’s naturalization (derivation of citizenship).
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Currently reside in the U.S. and are under 18, in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent.
Process Overview:
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Submit Form N-600 with supporting documents proving citizenship.
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Attend an interview if required.
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Receive a Certificate of Citizenship upon approval.
Outcome: This certificate serves as official proof of U.S. citizenship, which can be essential for obtaining a passport, employment, or other legal purposes.
Key Differences Between N-400 and N-600
| Aspect | Form N-400 | Form N-600 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | To apply for U.S. citizenship via naturalization | To obtain proof of existing U.S. citizenship |
| Applicant Status | Lawful permanent residents (green card holders) | Individuals who acquired or derived citizenship |
| Age Requirement | Must be 18 or older | Typically under 18, but adults can apply if eligible |
| Resulting Document | Certificate of Naturalization | Certificate of Citizenship |
| Application Process | Involves tests and interviews | Documentation-based; interview may be required |
When to Use Each Form
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Use Form N-400: If you are a green card holder seeking to become a U.S. citizen through naturalization.
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Use Form N-600: If you believe you are already a U.S. citizen by birth or through your parents and need official documentation to prove it.
It’s crucial to choose the correct form based on your specific circumstances to avoid delays or denials in your application process.
